Algebra - Equations - Simultaneous equations.
Solutions for Test Yourself 1 - non-linear equations.
Solve the following non-linear equations simultaneously:
Line and a parabola.
y = x + 2
y = x2 Equate the ys: x + 2 = x2 x2 - x - 2 = 0 (x + 1)(x - 2) = 0 x = -1 or x = 2 When x = -1, y = 1 When x = 2, y = 4 So the points of intersection of the line and the parabola are
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y = x + 3
y = 4x2 Equate the ys: x + 3 = 4x2 4x2 - x - 3 = 0 (4x + 3)(x - 1) = 0 |
y = x2 - 1
x - y + 1 = 0 Substitute for y in Eqn 2: x - (x2 - 1) +1 = 0 x2 - x - 2 = 0 (x - 2)(x + 1) = 0 x = 2 or x = -1 When x = 2, y = 3. When x = -1, y = 0 So the points of intersection of the line and the parabola are (2, 3) and (-1, 0). |
2 parabolas.
y = x + x2 - 10 y = 3x2 - 2x - 19 Equate the ys: x + x2 -10 = 3x2 - 2x -19 2x2 - 3x - 9 = 0 (2x + 3)(x - 3) = 0 |
y = 4x2 + 41x +104
y = 3x2 + 37x + 104 Equate the ys: 4x2+41x + 104 = x2 + 4x = 0 x(x + 4) = 0 So x = 0 or x = -4 When x = 0, y = 104. When x = -4, y = 4 So the points of intersection of the two parabolas are (0, 104) and (-4, 4). |
y = 2x2 + 6x + 91 y = (x + 8)2 Equate the ys and expand the LHS: 2x2 + 6x + 91 = x2 - 10x + 25 =0 (x - 5)2 = 0 So x = 5 (only one solution) When x = 5, y = 169 So the two parabolas |
Line and a circle.
x2 + y2 = 5
x + y = -1 Change subject to y in Eqn 2. y = -1 - x Substitute into Eqn 1: x2 + (-1-x)2 = 5 x2 + 1 + 2x + x2 = 5 2x2 + 2x -4 = 0 x2 + x - 2 = 0 (x + 2)(x - 1) = 0 So x = -2 or 1 When x = -2, y = 1 When x = 1, y = -2 So the line meets the circle at (-2, 1) and (1, -2). |
x + 2y = 1
x2 + y2 = 4 Change subject to x in Eqn 1: |
(x + 1)2 + (y - 2)2 = 25
y = 3x Substitute the y value in Eqn 2 x2 + 2x +1 + 9x2 - 12x + 4 = 25 10(x2 - x - 2) = 0 (x-2)(x+1) = 0 So x = 2 or x = -1 When x = 2, y = 6 When x = -1, y = -3. So the line intersects with the circle at (2, 6) and at (-1, -3).
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Line and a ellipse/hyperbola.
2x2 + y2 = 11
2x - y = -1 Change subject to y in Eqn 2. y = 2x + 1 2x2 + (2x + 1)2 = 11 2x2 + 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 11 6x2 + 4x - 10 = 0 2(3x + 5)(x - 1) = 0 |
xy = 8 y = x + 7 Just to do somethng different because the 2nd equation is written as y = ... x(x + 7) = 8 x2 + 7x - 8 = 0 (x + 8)(x - 1) = 0 So x = -8 or x = 1 When x = -8, y = -1. When x = 1, y = 8 So the line meets the hyperbola at |
Equate the ys: So the line meets the hyperbola at |
xy = 2
x - 2y = 3 Change the subject of Eqn 2 to x: x = 2y + 3 y(2y + 3) = 2 2y2 + 3y - 2 = 0 (2y-1)(y+2) = 0 |
xy = -6
3x - 2y = 12 Change the subject of Eqn 1 to y: So the line touches the hyperbola at just the point (2, -3). |
x2 - 2y2 = 5
x - y = 1 Change the subject of Eqn 2 to x: x = 1 + y 1 + 2y + y2 - 2y2 = 5 y2 - 2y +4 = 0 This equation cannot be factorised and so there is no point of intersection between the line and the hyperbola. |
Other.
x2 - y2 = 7
x2 + y2 = 13 |
x2 + y2 = 20
xy = 8 |
Ellipse & parab |
Solve the following sets of 3 equations for the relevant variables:
x + 2y - z = -5 (Eqn 1) 2x - 3y + 4z = 28 (Eqn 2) 4x + 5y - 3z = -10 (Eqn 3) I will not eliminate x as the hint suggested but leave that to you. I will remove the z instead. Multiply Eqn 1 by 4: 4x + 8y - 4z = -20 (Eqn 4) Add Eqn 2 to the Eqn 4: 6x + 5y = 8 (Eqn 5) Multiply Eqn 1 by 3: 3x + 6y - 3z = -15 (Eqn 6) Subtract Eqn 6 from Eqn 3: x - y = 5 (Eqn 7) Multiply this eqn by 5 and add 11x = 33 x = 3 So y = 3 - 5 = -2 3 - 4 - z = -5 z = 4. So x = 3, y = -2 and z = 4. YOU substitute these values into one of the three equations to verify these solutions. |
e - f + g = 10 (Eqn 1) 4e + 2f - 3g = 8 (Eqn 2) 3e - 5f + 2g = 34 (Eqn 3) Eqn 1 × 3 Add Eqn 2 and Eqn 4: 7e - f = 38 (Eqn 5) Eqn 1 × 2 2e - 2f + 2g = 20 (Eqn 6) Subtract Eqn 6 from Eqn 3 e - 3f = 14 (Eqn 7) Now substitute for e in Eqn 5 7(3f + 14) - f = 38 20f = -60 f = -3 So e = 14 + 3(-3) = 5 Substitute for e and f in Eqn 1: 5 -(-3) +g = 10 g = 2 So e = 5, f = -3 and g = 2. |
6x + 4y - 2z = 0 (Eqn 1) 3x - 2y + 4z = 3 (Eqn 2) 5x - 2y + 6z = 3 (Eqn 3) (Eqn 3 - Eqn 2) 2x + 2z = 0 (Eqn 4) (Eqn 2 ×2) 6x - 4y + 8z = 6 (Eqn 5) Eqn 1 plus Eqn 5 12x + 6z = 6 (Eqn 6) Divide by 6: 2x + z = 1 (Eqn 7) Eqn 4 - Eqn 7 z = -1 So x = 1 Substitute into Eqn 1: 6(1) + 4y -2(-1) = 0 4y = -8 y = -2 So x = 1, y = -2 and z = -1.
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2a - b - c = 9 (Eqn 1) 5a + 2c = -3 (Eqn 2) 7a - 2b = 1 (Eqn 3) Eqn 3 only has a and b terms so we could eliminate c from the other 2 eqns: Eqn 1 × 2 Add Eqn 2 and Eqn 4: 9a - 2b = 15 (Eqn 5) Subtract Eqn 5 from Eqn 3 2a = 14 a = 7 Now substitute for a in Eqn 3: b = 24 Now substitute for a and b in Eqn 1: 2(7) - 24 - c = 9 c = -19 So a = 7, b = 24 and c = -19. |
3p - q - 2r = -15 (Eqn 1) 20p - 3q - 5r = -15 (Eqn 2) 5p + 2q + 3r = -16 (Eqn 3) q is the variable which has the lowest coefficients and so it is esiest to eliminate. Eqn 1 × 2 Add Eqn 3 and Eqn 4: 11p - r = -46 (Eqn 5) Eqn 1 × 3 9p - 3q - 6r = -45 (Eqn 6) Subtract Eqn 6 from Eqn 2 11p + r = 30 (Eqn 7) Add Eqn 5 to Eqn 7: 22p = -16 Using Eqn 7: Using Eqn 1: |
x - 2y = 3 (Eqn 1) 4y - 3z = 4 (Eqn 2) x + 3z = 2 (Eqn 3) Subtract Eqn 1 from Eqn 3 Add Eqn 2 and Eqn 4: 6y = 3 y = 0.5 Substitute into Eqn 1 x - 2(0.5) = 3 x = 4 Substitute into Eqn 3 4 + 3z = 2 |